Diagnosing epilepsy in dogs and cats is a complex process that involves several steps. Veterinarians usually follow a specific procedure to diagnose epilepsy. It starts with a detailed medical history and physical examination of the pet, where the veterinarian collects information about the events to confirm that they are seizures and establish their frequency, duration, and nature. The aim is to begin to rule out all potential causes of seizures such as toxins, metabolic disorders, or structural abnormalities.
Blood tests may be required to check for abnormalities in the pet's blood chemistry, which can help identify underlying issues like liver or kidney disease. Urinalysis may also be conducted to evaluate kidney function and identify any signs of metabolic disorders.
Advanced imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans may be recommended to examine the pet's brain for structural abnormalities or lesions that could be causing seizures. In some cases, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid may be collected and analyzed to check for signs of inflammation or infection in the central nervous system (CNS).
The veterinarian may also conduct or request video monitoring of the dog during a suspected seizure episode to provide valuable information about the nature and characteristics of the seizures. If the pet responds positively to anti-seizure medications, it may support the diagnosis of epilepsy.
It's important to note that idiopathic or inheritable epilepsy is often a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other potential causes of seizures need to be ruled out before a definitive diagnosis is made. The diagnostic process may vary depending on the individual pet's history, clinical signs, and the veterinarian's judgment. If you suspect your pet is experiencing seizures, it's crucial to seek veterinary care promptly for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
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